Nov 18, 2019 In-flight considerations. With full payload, a Dromader is 50% heavier, so it is neccessary to adjust the aileron trim carefully to fly properly. Free psp iso cso games. Pilots may consider to make firefighter water drops with flaps 15º down when plane flies with full water cargo at front. No instructions per se, but a CD-R with a photo montage of the build. The CD also includes many photos of the M18, drawings from the flight manual plus much more on the M18 (and a folder of Ayers Thrush photos under the heading of Dromader ancestor). Markings: Full decal sheet with markings for SP-ZUO of Zaklad Uslug Agrolotniczych: Web Page.
M-18 Dromader | |
---|---|
M-18B Dromader used in South Dakota | |
Role | Utility aircraft |
National origin | Poland |
Manufacturer | PZL-Mielec |
First flight | 27 August 1976 |
Status | Active, in production |
Produced | 1976-present |
Number built | 759+ |
Developed from | Rockwell Thrush Commander |
The PZL-Mielec M-18 Dromader (Polish: 'Dromedary') is a single engine agricultural aircraft that is manufactured by PZL-Mielec in Poland. The aircraft is used mainly as a cropduster or firefighting machine.
Development[edit]
M18 Dromader Flight Manual 2017
PZL-Mielec, then known as WSK-Mielec, began to design the Dromader in the mid 1970s, with help of United States aircraft manufacturer Rockwell International. PZL-Mielec asked for Rockwell's help because of the political situation at the time: operating in an Eastern Bloc country, PZL wanted the aircraft to sell well worldwide, and the company realized that certification by the United States Federal Aviation Administration would be important in reaching that goal. Rockwell on the other hand wanted to fit Polish high-power radial engines into its agricultural planes. As a result of this cooperation the Rockwell Thrush Commander aircraft was fitted with the PZL-3 engine, and the Polish designers created the higher payload M-18 Dromader by introducing the more powerful ASz-62 engine, making structural changes to the airframe, and increasing dimensions. This co-operation meant that the Dromader shares outer wing panels and part of a fuselage with the Thrush Commander.
The first prototype of the aircraft flew on August 27, 1976. In September 1978, the aircraft was given certification to fly in Poland. Certifications from many countries around the world followed soon.
Many aircraft of the M-18 type and its variations can still be seen around the world. They were sold to 24 countries, over 200 are used in the US.[1] In 2008, fifteen were sold to China.[2] In 2012, PZL-Mielec was still selling models M-18B and M-18BS, with 759 built in total.[1] As of 2017, the Dromader was sold by PZL-Mielec, but the production has been halted.[2] The produced aircraft are still refurbished instead, with new engines (produced by WSK 'PZL-Kalisz').[2] There are plans to acquire rights and renew the production in WZL-2 in Bydgoszcz.[2]
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PZL M-18B Dromader as waterbomber
Variants[edit]
Lineup of 4 M-18s at Perth Airport on standby for the bushfire season (early 2000s)
M-21 Dromader Mini
- M-18
- original one-seat production version, now available for special orders only.
- M-18A
- two seater available from 1984 onwards. Allows a mechanic or chemical loader to be carried as a passenger to remote fields.
- M-18AS
- two-cockpit trainer version
- M-18B
- refined version of M-18A with increased capacity, flown in 1993.
- M-18BS
- two-cockpit trainer.
- M-18C
- version with more powerful 895 kW (1,200 hp) Kalisz K-9 engine. Flown in 1995 but not produced.
- M-18/T45 Turbine Dromader
- turboprop powered with Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-45 engine. First flew in 1985 and was given FAA certification in April 1986.
- M-21 Dromader Mini
- smaller variant (1100 kg of chemicals), flown in 1982, not produced.
- M-24 Dromader Super
- bigger variant (2000 kg of chemicals), flown in 1987, not produced.
- M-25 Dromader Mikro
- smaller variant (500 kg of chemicals), sketch only.
- AII AVA-303
- The M-18 is being built in Iran as the AVA-303.
Operators[edit]
Military[edit]
- Croatia
- Croatian Air Force - Former operator.
M18 Dromader Flight Manual 2017
- Greece
- Montenegro
- Serbia - Agricultural Aviation
Civil[edit]
The Dromader is in service with aerial agriculture and other companies in many countries, operating in a variety of roles. The former Yugoslav Airline, Jugoslovenski Aerotransport, used it for cropspraying.
M18B Dromader dropping water
M18B Dromader dropping water
PZL-Mielec M18 Dromader
Specifications (M18B Dromader)[edit]
Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004,[3] Jane's all the World's Aircraft 2004-05,[4][5]
General characteristics
M18 Dromader Flight Manual Free
- Crew: 1 / 2 (M18BS)
- Capacity: 2,500 l (660 US gal; 550 imp gal) liquid or 2,200 kg (4,900 lb) dry chemical in fibreglass hopper forward of the cockpit (smaller hopper in M18BS)
- Length: 9.47 m (31 ft 1 in)
- Wingspan: 17.7 m (58 ft 1 in)
- Height: 3.7 m (12 ft 2 in) to tailfin on ground
- Wing area: 40 m2 (430 sq ft)
- Aspect ratio: 7.8
- Airfoil: root:NACA 4416; tip:NACA 4412 outer wing panels
- Empty weight: 2,710 kg (5,975 lb)
- Max takeoff weight: 4,200 kg (9,259 lb)
- Fuel capacity: 510 kg (1,120 lb) max fuel weight
- Powerplant: 1 × PZL Kalisz ASz-621R 9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 731 kW (980 hp)
- Propellers: 4-bladed PZL Warszawa AW-2-30, 3.3 m (10 ft 10 in) diameter constant speed aluminium alloy propeller
Performance
- Maximum speed: 200 km/h (120 mph, 110 kn) with agricultural equipment
- Stall speed: 108 km/h (67 mph, 58 kn) flaps down
- Never exceed speed: 280 km/h (170 mph, 150 kn)
- Range: 970 km (600 mi, 520 nmi)
- Ferry range: 2,000 km (1,200 mi, 1,100 nmi) with hopper fuel tank
- Service ceiling: 6,500 m (21,300 ft)
- g limits: +3.4 / -1.4
- Rate of climb: 6.5 m/s (1,280 ft/min)
- Wing loading: 105 kg/m2 (22 lb/sq ft)
- Power/mass: 5.75 kg/kW (11.92 lb/hp)
See also[edit]
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
References[edit]
- ^ abM-18 Dromader on PZL Mielec homepage [retrieved 24-1-2012] {in Polish}
- ^ abcdGruszczyński, Jerzy. W pierwszej lidze dostawców, 'Lotnictwo Aviation International' Nr. 9/2017, p. 35-36 (in Polish)
- ^Jackson 2003, pp. 338–339.
- ^Jackson, Paul, MRAeS, ed. (2005). Jane's all the World's Aircraft 2004-05. London: Janes Publishing Group. pp. 360–361. ISBN0-7106-2614-2.Italic or bold markup not allowed in:
|publisher=
(help) - ^Taylor 1999, p.450. (M-18A)
- Jackson, Paul. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group, 2003. ISBN0-7106-2537-5.
- Taylor, Michael J. H. Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory 1999/2000. London: Brassey's, 1999. ISBN1-85753-245-7.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to PZL M18 Dromader. |
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